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The Principles of Water Disinfection by Copper / Silver Ionization
Introduction
For thousands of years, man has attempted to disinfect water without the use of hazardous chemicals. Algae, bacteria and viruses in water cause problems not only in drinking water, but in commercial uses also.
One of the means of water disinfection that has been used is that of copper/silver ionization.
ClearWater Enviro Technologies, Inc. is the first to perfect the process of copper/silver ionization in various applications.
This presentation is broken up into five chapters:
- Chapter one will take a look a the definition of ionization.
- Chapter two will review the history of ionization.
- Chapter three will explain how the ClearWater Purification System has perfected the process of copper/silver ionization.
- Chapter four will give a detailed look at how copper/silver ionization actually disinfects the water.
- Chapter five will look into the various applications of copper/silver ionization.
Chapter 1 - Ionization
ClearWater Enviro Technologies, Inc. uses copper/silver ionization as the basis for its purification of water. To get a better idea of this, lets first look into the definition of an “ion” and “ionization”.
An “ion” is an atom or radical (group of atoms) which carries an electrical charge as the result of having lost or gained electrons. The atom’s charge is negative if it has an extra electron and positive if it is short an electron. A positively charged ion is called a “cation”, while a negatively charged ion is called an “anion”. An ion often has entirely different properties than the element (atom) from which it was formed.
“Ionization” is the process in which a chemical combination breaks up into simpler electrically charged components (individual atoms or groups of atoms) called ions. The ionization process is related to the gaining or losing of electrons causing the atoms or group of atoms to become electrically charged.
ClearWater Enviro Technologies, Inc. uses copper and silver as the basis for its technology, thus copper/silver ionization is the electronic release of copper and silver ions.
Properties of Copper and Silver
Copper is atomic number 29 in the Periodic Table of Elements. An atom of copper has 29 protons. The atomic weight is 63.54 and the atomic symbol is Cu.
Copper is in column IB of the Periodic Table of Elements, above Silver, whose atomic symbol is Ag.
Elements in the same column have some similar properties. Copper has a Moh’s hardness of 2.5 to 3.0, which is harder than a fingernail but softer than a steel pocketknife. The surface has a metallic luster. With a specific gravity of 8.2 (based on a density of 8.2 grams per cubic centimeter, g/cm3), it is far denser than water with a specific gravity of 1.
Silver is below copper in column IB, is far denser at 19. Silver is the #1 mineral to conduct electricity where copper is #2.
Copper is an excellent conductor of heat, making it an important metal in cookware, refrigerators and radiators. Copper is also resistant to corrosion-- it will not rust. The melting point of copper is 1083.4 degrees Celsius. Copper is required in animal metabolism. Young children require approximately 0.1 mg/day of copper for normal growth and the daily requirements for adults is about 2 mg/day.